从概念到观念的转换——对陈少明 “做中国哲学” 的思考

Transformation from Concept to Idea—A Reflection on Chen Shaoming's “Doing Chinese Philosophy”

摘要:

_“做中国哲学_”无论_“识人_”“说事_”还是_“观物_”,都不再以概念为中心，而关注镶嵌于生活经验中的思想观念。现代学者以各自不同的研究方式，反对西方哲学以概念或范畴为中心的系统建构。陈少明先生提出精神现象之_“物_”,其客观性出自于物，而同一性则出自精神，观物走上了形上学的道路。不再以概念或范畴为中心的主张，而明确转换为以观念为中心，其旨趣仍然是方法论意义上的：一方面可以沟通古今，另一方面有利于沟通现代学者之间不同的研究方式，从而进一步推动中国哲学的创作。

Abstract:

For _“Doing Chinese Philosophy_”，the distinction between people，things and objects is not so important. No matter what it involves，_“ knowing people _”，_“saying things_”or_“observing objects_”，what is important is that researchers no longer take the concept as the center， but pay attention to the ideas embedded in life experience，devote themselves to the creation of Chinese philosophy，and to experience the Chinese world view. Once the people， things and objects in the classic world are established ，the research objects have been successfully transformed，thus forming a brand-new domain and completely changing the concept-centered writing of Chinese philosophy. Today ，the study of Chinese philosophy is no longer concept-centered. This is ，on the one hand，the result of the influence of Chen Shao-ming_’s _“Doing Chinese Philosophy_”， and， on the other hand，because many other scholars are changing the past concept-centered approaches with their own different research styles. Although there is no clear-cut claim that the concept is no longer the center，the actual research methods are echoing this new trend，so that the concept-centered research force is becoming weaker and weaker. Through the analysis of the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion as a kind of cultural relic，Chen thinks that it undoubtedly has the objectivity of existence，but its identity as an object cannot be separated from the function of_“culture_”. Therefore ， he puts forward the view of _“object_”of spiritual phenomenon—that the objectivity of something comes from the thing itself，while the identity comes from its spirit. Chen_’s analysis makes the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion step out of the art history and become a great philosophical event. Without compromising its objectivity ,its fixed identity now becomes fluid for the first time. The thing is still the same thing；its objectivity remains the same，but the identity of the thing as the thing needs to be involved in the participation of people and things. The road of metaphysics from viewing an object leads to the spiritual _“thing_” with_“ cultural relics_” as its identity. By breaking the identity of _“ things_”， or breaking the conceptual connotation of _“ things_”， this analytical approach successfully reforms the idea of _“things _” thus refreshing the situation of _“Doing Chinese Philosophy_” . Only by pushing the idea to the center can Doing Chinese Philosophy continue the metaphysical tradition of Chinese philosophy itself. The metaphysics of Tao and Utensil provides a brand-new idea that is the identity of a utensil is to be shaped in the continuous participation of people things and objects marking the most fundamental difference between the concept and the idea. Based on the proposition that it is no longer centered on category or concept，but explicitly transformed to ideas-centered， _“Doing Chinese Philosophy_”is still methodological， which facilitates communication between ancient and modern times，and helps modern scholars to communication among themselves，thus promoting the creation in the study of Chinese philosophy.