后领土后地缘时代的来临——基于财富生产方式与战争形态的变迁

The Advent of the Post-Territory & Post-Geopolitics Era—Based on the Transformation of Wealth Production Mode and War Forms

摘要:

二战后尤其是20世纪70年代后，技术进步使人类具有了超越领土与地缘的空间限制而进行财富生产和战争的能力，从而使财富生产方式和战争形态都发生了前所未有的改变，并使人类进入了后领土后地缘时代。在后领土后地缘时代，科学技术、资本与管理在财富生产与国家安全维护中的重要性即权重越来越高，而传统的领土占有与地缘控制的重要性越来越低。在经济上，中国、韩国、新加坡、俄罗斯等分别是后领土时代来临的正面或反面案例；在军事上，海湾战争是后地缘时代来临的弱信号，而俄乌冲突则是强信号。但是，人类仍局限于传统领土观与地缘观，导致诸如俄乌冲突这类本可避免的地缘冲突的发生。

Abstract:

Humans，even animals，have a natural concept of territory and geopolitics，which are extremely important. This concept was reasonable before World War II. However，after World War II especially since the 1970s the interaction of factors such as technological progress and global trade rules has led to significant changes in wealth production methods and forms of war. This has led to the increasing importance（weight）of science，technology，capital and management in wealth production and national security while the importance of territory and geopolitics has been decreasing ushering the world to the Post-Territory & Post-Geopolitics Era. Although the concept of post territorial geography is anti-natural and subverts the concepts of human history，it is actually very simple and can be derived from common information already available in the world today. Firstly，wealth production can be used as a theoretical coordinate，and then the changes of the role and importance of production factors such as territory geography technology，capital，and management in wealth production can be examined in the three historical stages：time before the Industrial Revolution the period between the Industrial Revolution and World War II and time since World War II. It can be seen that the Era of Post-Territory & Post-Geopolitics has arrived. Before the Industrial Revolution both territory and geography were important. Between the Industrial Revolution and World War II although there were significant developments in technology and institutions they were still not mature enough，resulting in strong localized characteristics in production and a strong dependence on specific land. Moreover，geographical advantages still played an important role. Therefore，occupying territory，controlling geography as much as possible，and localizing production became the way to maximize wealth returns. After World War II，there were two main reasons for the arrival of the Era of Post-Territory & Post-Geopolitics. Firstly， technological progress greatly improved human wealth production capacity， resulting in significant changes in wealth production methods and exhibiting significant de-localization characteristics；moreover the role of science and technology capital and management in wealth production is becoming increasingly important resulting in the emergence of post-territory or even post- land era. Secondly technological progress has led to significant changes in the form of warfare making it increasingly easy for weapons to break through traditional geopolitical barriers or spatial barriers seriously weakening the military function of traditional geography and thus greatly reducing the role of traditional geopolitical locations in maintaining national security resulting in the emergence of post-geopolitical world. The Gulf War was a weak signal from the post—territorial and post—geopolitical era，while current the Russia-Ukraine War is a strong signal. Although the world has actually entered the Post-Territory & Post-Geopolitics Era（fact logic），it still adheres to traditional territorial and geopolitical views（cognitive logic）， and this cognitive error（especially the cognitive error of major powers）is the key reason for the existence of many avoidable geopolitical conflicts and potential crises in today_’s world.