人类命运共同体的自然法权基础

The Natural Legal Right Foundation of the Human Community with a Shared Future

摘要:

“全人类共同价值” 诸范畴为人类命运共同体提供的不只是 “ 价值观”, 更是 “ 自然法权”。 通过对 “ 全人类共同价值” 的自然法权内涵分析, 可得出如下结论: 第一, “ 和平、 发展、 公平、 正义、 民主、 自由” 这些自然法权是不可剥夺的, 是人类物种的 “ 安身立命之本”, 而不是由某个民族国家赋予的。第二, 它们不仅是某个民族国家的 “ 主观愿望”, 而且是基于社会历史的客观规律而对人类物种来说的 “ 客观价值”。 第三, 它们不仅是抽象的关于 “ 共同价值” 的观念, 而且在具体内涵上构成了自然法权的基本范畴。 第四, 这些自然法权绝不允许被任何一个民族剥夺和破坏。 第五, 资本主义制度及其文明是对人类物种“ 自然法权” 的践踏。 因此, 构建人类命运共同体, 要把上述 “ 自然法权” 熔铸在马克思的历史唯物主义之中, 进而为人类命运共同体提供法理基础。

Abstract:

The categories of _“common values for all mankind_” provide not only_“values _” but also_“ natural rights_” for the Human Community with a Shared Future. Different from the natural right based on the abstract Western theory of human nature，this kind of natural right is based on the law of social and historical development，so it is a natural right with the nature of Historical Materialism. Through the analysis of the connotation of the natural legal rights of the Human Community with a Shared Future，we can draw the following conclusions：First，the natural legal rights of_“peace ，development，fairness ，justice ，democracy and freedom_” are inalienable，and they are the foundation for the survival of the human species instead of being given by a nation state. This means that no country can decide whether other ethnic states have the right to pursue peace， development ，fairness ，justice ，democracy and freedom. Secondly， they are not merely the _“subjective desires_” of a certain nation state， but the _“objective values_” of human species based on objective laws of social history. If a natural right were just a _“subjective desire_” then each nation state could decide out of its subjective desire whether to respect the natural law rights of the common values of all mankind. Third， they are not only abstract ideas about _“ common values_” but also constitute the basic category of natural rights in concrete connotation. These categories exist as _“ values_” on the one hand； on the other hand ，they are not only_“ concepts _” but also _“rights_” which means that these values are endowed with legal connotations. Fourth，these natural legal rights are absolutely not allowed to be deprived and destroyed by any other nation，unless a nation state first destroys the natural legal rights of the common value of all mankind when pursuing its own interests. Fifth，the capitalist system and its civilization trample on the _“natural rights_” of human species. The capitalist system naturally creates conflicts and games of interest between national states. As Marx said，it increasingly divides the entire world into two opposing camps，namely the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Until today，capital still adopts a zero-sum game approach to treat other ethnic states ，which will inevitably lead to conflicts， and even wars， between ethnic states. Based on the above conclusions ，to construct a Human Community with a Shared Future in contemporary history，it is necessary to melt the above_“ natural legal rights_” into Marx _'s Historical Materialism， so that we can make them compatible with the objective laws of social and historical development，and by grasping the objective trend of the development of human history，we can provide a legal basis for the Community of a Shared Future.