“数据主义” 滥觞下的新技术人文:智能时代算法传播的价值转型

New-tech Humanism in the Dominance of Dataism: The Value Orientation of Algorithm Technology in the Intelligent Era

摘要:

智能传播时代, 算法和数据技术成为社会基础设施和底层逻辑, 并在广泛应用中带来数据主义 思潮的盛行。 数据主义的哲学渊源来自古希腊时期的毕达哥拉斯主义, 主张将万事万物皆转化为算法可以计 算的数据, 从而根本上消解了人的存在价值和意义; 人不再被视为具有独特性与丰富个性的主体, 引发深刻 的人文危机。 基于技术哲学的思考发现, 经典人文主义过于强调主客体的二元对立, 不可避免陷入决定论的 困境。 技术与人并不是二元对立的主客体关系, 而是具有同构性, 且内在于人的主体性之中的存在方式。 因 此, 体现和呈现人性、 维护人的主体性和独特尊严成为智能时代算法技术应然的价值导向。 但是, 智能传播 时代需要对传统人文主义进行超越与突破, 构建以 “人-技” 和谐共生为旨归的新形式。

Abstract:

In the era of intelligent communication，algorithm and data technology become the social infrastructure and underlying logic，and bring about with them the prevalence of dataism. Philosophically，dataism dates back to Pythagoreanism in ancient Greece，which maintains that number is the origin of all things，and all things can be reduced to the specification of number，that is，all things are determined by the proportional relation or the opposite relation of number. Behind the complex and changing world is the eternally and invariably mathematical reality world，and number is the root of all invariable things. Pythagoreanism tries to explain the complex world with simple abstract mathematics，and its way of thinking has had a profound impact on philosophy and scientific research throughout the Western world. Entering the era of intelligence，with the continuous progress and improvement of computer science and intelligent technology，dataism has further evolved and manifested itself as computationism，which has become the leading research paradigm in cognitive neuroscience，artificial intelligence and other fields. Computationism maintains that the physical world，life process and even the cognition，mental state，mental activity and emotion of humans can be calculated by algorithms. Both dataism and computationalism hold that human beings use highly abstract，simple and one-sided thinking to understand and grasp the world，and convert everything into data that can be calculated by algorithms，thus fundamentally dissolving the value and significance of human existence. Human beings are no longer regarded as subjects with unique and rich personality，which leads to profound humanistic crisis. In response to this dilemma，this paper reiterates the importance of the humanism. However，the era of intelligent communication needs to transcend the traditional or classical humanism. Classical humanism has gradually evolved into_“anthropism_” while advocating the initiative of human beings: human beings become the center of the universe，the objective world becomes the external object to be recognized and transformed，and human beings realize their subjectivity by conquering nature. In this sense，humanism has become its opposite，leading to the domination and enslavement of human beings by reason and technology，and thus falling into the determinism dilemma of_“master-slave dialectics_”. Based on the philosophy of technology，this paper reflects on the fundamental problem of the relationship between human and technology，and provides ideological resources and theoretical basis for the construction of algorithm technology’s values in line with the era of intelligent communication. Viebeek’s _“Technical Mediation_”，Heidegger_’s philosophy of technology，Stiegler_’ s Theory of _“prothèse_” technology，and Don Irde_’s _“human-technology_” relation theory all aim to break the shackles of classical humanism on the dualistic opposition of subject and object. The relation between technology and human beings is not the subject-object binary opposition; it is isomorphic，a way of being inherent in human_’s subjectivity. Therefore，the embodiment and presentation of human nature and the maintenance of human subjectivity and unique dignity have naturally become the value orientation of algorithm technology in the intelligent era. While acknowledging that algorithm technology is the dimension of human existence in the intelligent era，it is still necessary to emphasize human_’s perspective and presence to guide and regulate the research，development and use of algorithm technology，so as to form a new _“human-technology_” symbiosis as the purpose.