论技术侦查证据庭外核实的性质调整与程序完善 ———以 2021 年 《刑诉法解释》 为中心的考察

On the Nature Adjustment and Procedure Perfection of Technical Investigation Evidence Verification Out of Court —Focusing on the Interpretation of Criminal Procedure Law in 2021

摘要:

2021 年 《最高人民法院关于适用 〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉 的解释》 第 120 条明确了技 术侦查证据当庭调查和庭外核实之间的关系, 将庭外核实程序由平行独立性质调整为后置补充性质。 这一调 整有助于体现以审判为中心的改革要求, 落实证据裁判原则, 统一规范法官庭外调查核实权的行使, 保障被 告人的质证权, 进步意义明显。 然而, 得到初步改进的技术侦查证据调查核实程序仍然存在着控方出示的技 术侦查证据所含证据信息过于简略笼统, 庭外核实的启动标准不明确, 庭外核实的对象未做有效区分等问 题。 未来技术侦查证据调查核实程序的持续完善应当聚焦上述问题, 提出新的有建设性的解决方案。

Abstract:

Article 120 of the Interpretation of Criminal Procedure Law in 2021 clarifies the relationship between in-court investigation of technical investigation evidence and out-of-court verification ,and adjusts the out-of-court verification procedure from parallel independent nature to post-complementary nature. This adjustment reflects the requirement of trial-centered reform ,implements the principle of evidentiary adjudication ,standardizes the exercise of the judge_' right of out-of-court investigation ,and verification and guarantees the defendant_'s right to cross-examine ,thus representing a significant progress. However, there are still some problems in the initially improved procedure of investigation and verification of technical investigation evidence :for example, the information contained in the technical investigation evidence presented by the prosecution is too brief and general, the starting standard of out-of-court verification is not clear ,and the objects of out-of-court verification are not effectively distinguished. The continuous improvement of the investigation and verification procedure of technical investigation evidence in the future should focus on new constructive solutions to these problems.