日本列岛装饰古坟中圆纹的象征意义

The Symbolic Meaning of Round Motifs in the Decorative Kofun of the Japanese Archipelago

摘要:

装饰古坟是日本列岛传统文化中的一种壁画墓形制, 现存 721 座遗存。 装饰古坟遗存中, 圆纹 是最为常见的装饰纹样, 说明这是一个不可忽视的现象。 绘有圆纹的古坟主要集中在熊本、 福冈两地, 圆纹 主要有圆、 同心圆、 旋涡纹与轮状纹等。 从装饰特点来看, 有单独出现与混合出现等不同结构。 圆纹图案具 有强烈的宗教性和巫术性, 镜子说和太阳说是最流行的解释, 但圆纹与眼目之间的象征性关系应当被关注。 通过考察日本列岛早期的以目生神与绳文土偶, 可以推测圆纹还具有眼目象征意义, 并拥有辟邪与再生功 能; 同时, 以圆纹为眼目的符号语言与东亚文化共有的太阳神信仰密切相关, 隐喻了基于神话思维的东亚文 化共同体的存在。

Abstract:

Decorative kofun are mural tombs in Japanese traditional culture. There are more than 700 decorative kofun ,among which round motifs are the most common ,indicating that it is a phenomenon that should not be ignored. Kofun with round motifs are mostly seen in Kumamoto and Fukuoka. The main forms of round motifs are: circle, concentric circle, swirl and wheel like shapes. Kofun are decorated with single motif or mixed motifs. The round motifs are strongly religious and mediumistic while the mirror theory and the sun theory are most popular. The variants such as swirl motifs suggest the symbolic relationship between round motifs and the eyes should deserve attention. Through the narration of _"gods coming from the eyes _"in early Japanese culture and Jyoumon clay-idol ,we can investigate the symbolic meaning of round motifs in preventing evil and in the regeneration of life. At the same time ,the round motifs used as the sign of the eyes are closely related to the Sun-God belief. As the most common decorative motif in the kofun murals ,it is a metaphor for the existence of the East Asian cultural community based on the myth thinking.