西晋名士 “约言” 观之成因及其文学影响

The Origin of the Yueyan Concept among the Celebrated Western-Jin Scholars and Its Literary Influence

摘要:

“约言” 是西晋名士对于清谈语言的讲究, 是理想谈论必备的条件之一, 对两晋南北朝文学有 至深影响。 论辩推重 “约言” 较早反映在西晋东都洛阳的名士群中, 以乐广、 阮瞻等为代表, 它的生成既 有中土论辩强调 “理足则止” “不务烦辞” 的言语传统, 也有西晋汉译佛典 《般若经》 《维摩诘经》 等传播 的背景因素。 其中后者所倡超越名言概念, 逐次遣言乃至废言 (无言) 的思辨观, 直接影响到东晋南北朝 文体论对 “精约” 与 “繁缛” 二体的评价标准。

Abstract:

Celebrated scholars of Jin dynasty are quite particular about the linguistic characteristics during Qingtan (清谈), which makes Yueyan (约言) one of the necessary conditions for ideal talk exerting a significant influence on literature of that period. The argument_'s emphasis on Yueyan (约言) was earlier reflected in the famous scholars in Luoyang ,represented by Le Guang and Ruan Zhan,among others. It derives both from the speech tradition of the Chinese argument, which emphasizes lizu zezhi (理足则止) and buwu fanci (不务烦辞), and from the impact of the Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures such as Praj?ā-pāramitā (《般若经》) and Vimalakīrti-nirdes'a 《维摩诘经》) in the Western Jin dynasty. Of the two sources ,the latter_'s speculative view ,which transcends the language concept, directly affects the evaluation criteria of the stylistics of the Eastern Jin dynasty and the Southern and Northern dynasties for Jingyue( 精约) and Fanru (繁缛).