“吾丧我” : 庄子的存在观念辨析

"I Lose Myself "： An Analysis of Zhuangzi̓s View of Existence

摘要:

在庄子那里, “我” 由 “成形” 与 “成心” 凝聚而成。 “成形” 本为 “形化” 之结果, 生、 死 均内在于其中, 然而, 常人 “好生而恶死” 的生存态度试图以 “益生” 的方式守护 “成形” 并抵抗 “形 化”, 使得生命成为一场 “行尽如驰” 的劳役。 “成心” 本为 “有限而特殊之心”, “我” 的生活世界由之而 展开, 但据之亦可开出 “随其成心而师之” 的 “师心” 倾向, 以及 “自是而非人” 的存在取向。 在 “好生 而恶死-自是而非人” 的生存态势中, “我” 逐渐沦落为自限性乃至排他性的存在, 终而走向 “非我” 化的 生存境地。 “吾丧我” 正是为解决上述问题而提出。 庄子认为, 不以 “成形” 拘限生命, 生命即未止于孤立 天壤而稍纵即逝的有限性存在, 而可在 “以死生为一条” 的觉解中超越 “形” 的 “生死” 之限; 不以 “成 心” 筹划精神, 心灵就不再是司是非、 逐名利的低俗化存在之维, 而可在 “以可不可为一贯” 的觉解中超越 “心” 的 “是非” 之辨。 这样, 通过 “吾丧我”, 个体就可走出 “非我化” 困境, 开启本真化的存在视域。

Abstract:

With Zhuangzi _" I _"is composed of _"body _"and _" opinion _" . _" Body _" is the result of _"formation _", and life and death are its natural phenomena. However the attitude of ordinary people that _"likes to live but hates death _" tries to protect the _"body and resist _"formation _" . _"Opinion _"is originally a _"limited and special heart _"; however it also produces a tendency to _"self-righteousness _"and an attitude of requiring others to be the same as one _'s own. As a result the _"I _" gradually degenerates into a self-limiting and even exclusive being and eventually moves toward a _"non-self _" existence. _"I lose myself _"is proposed to solve the above-mentioned survival problem. Zhuangzi believes that if life is not limited by the _"body _", life is no longer a fleeting finite existence, but can transcend_"life and death_" in the awareness of _"the unity of life and death_". By getting rid of _"self-righteousness _",the mind is no longer a vulgar existence arguing about right and wrong and chasing fame and fortune. As a result, _"I_" can get out of the predicament of _"non-self_" and open up an authentic vision of life.