汉文佛典与扬雄 《方言》 研究 ———兼及方言词的形、 音、 义关系

Chinese Buddhist Scriptures and Research on Yang Xiong's Fangyan —A Discussion of the Relationship of Form Sound and Meaning of Dialect Words

摘要:

在扬雄 《方言》 的研究中, 其中的一些方言词语, 往往难以找到实际使用的书证 (即见于历代 文献中的实际用例), 其原因主要有二: 首先历代的研究者寻找文献用例的视野主要集中在文言文献上, 而 《方言》 中的方言词语一般出现在俗语言文献中 (“方” 往往与 “俗” 统称 “方俗”, 历代主流场合提倡雅言, 因此较少运用方俗语), 故当将关注的目光集中到诸如医书、 农书、 史籍、 笔记小说等, 特别是面广量大且语 言总体趋俗的汉文佛教文献中 (包括汉译佛典及中土佛教撰述)。 其次, 许多方言词语没有专门记录的汉字 (故只能以同音字记录), 另外, 一些词的不同地域的方言变体, 往往也仅为语音上的变化, 因而导致记录的形 体各异。 所以在搜寻文献用例时, 我们必须突破字形的束缚, “以耳治而不以目治”, 循着 “语转” 的轨迹而 发现新的词形。

Abstract:

In the research of Yang Xiong _'s Fangyan or Dialects it is often difficult to find actual documentary evidences for some of the dialect words (the actual cases of usage in historical documents) . There are two main reasons Firstly researchers of the past only focused on the classical Chinese literature while the dialect words in Fangyan generally appeared in the folk literature (fang 方 is often collectively referred to as i>fangsu/i> 方俗, but on most important occasions people always advocated the use of elegant words instead dialect words), therefore it_'s necessary to focus on the medical books agricultural books historical books diaries and accounts and novels etc . especially the Chinese Buddhist literature( including the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures and Chinese Buddhist writings) . Secondly ,many dialect words have no special equivalent Chinese characters( and they were usually recorded in homophones ). In addition,the dialect variants of some words in different regions often only have phonetic changes which leads to different forms of records. So when searching for examples in literature we must break through the shackles of forms _"treating with ears instead of eyes_"following the trajectory of _"phonetic changes_", to discover the new word forms.