何以批判? ———对这个问题的康德式回答

On What Bases Could a Critique Be Made

摘要:

什么是批判? 我们何以能够作出批判? 基于康德的启示, 我们可以把批判分为对象性批判和自 我批判两种类型。 我们之所以能够对一种普遍现象或思想观念作出批判, 乃是基于一种理性的概念构想, 它 刻画了事情的本真所是或理想应是, 对实存的事情具有一种规范性的力量。 而什么样的理念或理想才是合理 的, 这不能诉诸简单的内省反思, 而应通过自我和他人现实的共同论理才能得到确认。

Abstract:

What is critique On what bases could a critique be made Based on Kant?s inspiration this article distinguishes between two types of critiques namely object-critique and self-critique. It is then argued that we are able to critique a universal phenomenon or an idea on the basis of a rational conception of what things authentically are or ideally should be by virtue of our faculty of reason which has a normative force on existing things and that what idea or ideal is reasonable cannot be confirmed by simple introspective reflection but can only be justified through the actual joint reasoning of the self and the others.